When Doing a Trade

[BobC]

Originally Posted by ValKehl

Bob, this seems totally contradictory to me if one is a cash-basis taxpayer for income tax purposes, which I believe most individuals are.

Hi Val,

The IRS views businesses and people as keeping their records in one of two acceptable manners, either on an "accrual basis" or a "cash basis". Both of these refer to when a taxpayer, an individual or business, recognizes income or expenses for tax purposes. If you are on the "accrual basis", income or expense is recognized when a taxpayer becomes liable for the receipt or payment of some bill or invoice. If on the "cash basis", it is recognized when actually paid or received.

A company/individual selling cards that is on the accrual basis for tax purposes sends cards and an invoice to a customer dated today, 12/26/2021, and the customer receives it and sends payment back to the company/ individual on 1/5/2022. Because the seller is on the accrual basis, they recognize the sale of those cards on 12/25/2021 as taxable income in 2021 (assuming the company/individual uses the calendar year as its taxable year), even though they didn't receive payment of their invoice till the following taxable year. Had the seller been on the cash basis instead, they wouldn't recognize the income from the sale until the following year, 2022, when the payment was actually received.

The term "cash basis" itself refers to the timing of when a taxpayer recognizes income and expenses for income tax purposes, it does not necessarily refer to or just mean actual cash paid or received.

Now take the card selling company/individual in my example. Instead of being paid in cash for the cards they sold, they could agree to be paid in goods or services instead. And by goods, that includes cards they received as payment for the cards they just sold. You, or others, may call that a trade, but the IRS calls it a taxable sale or exchange. It doesn't matter if it is individuals or companies involved in such a deal/trade, it is still considered a taxable exchange to both parties by the IRS. There is also the possibility that some people think such a trade isn't taxable because it is considered as a like-kind exchange, where the tax liability is deferred, but under current tax law, like-kind exchanges only apply to real estate.

The parties (usually individuals) in a card trade don't normally have either side reporting the trade to the IRS, so the IRS normally has no other way to know about such activities, and doesn't really have the time or resources to go after these people. But that doesn't mean you're still not supposed to report such trades as taxable sales on your income tax returns. It is kind of similar to how people that win something from an AH that doesn't charge them sales tax for the state they're in normally don't bother to voluntarily report and pay the resulting sales/use to their state, like they're supposed to. People know that in either instance, the chances of them getting caught is almost nil, so they don't bother.

As you said, pretty much all individuals are considered "cash basis" taxpayers, and generally only actual registered businesses can get treated as either "cash basis" or "accrual basis". And for the record, when someone does execute a taxable trade of one card for another, if no cash is involved, you are supposed to assume that the current FMV of the card you received at the time of the trade is equal to the amount of cash you would have received had you just sold the card outright. And you use that FMV to report the deemed sale on your tax return, and to then figure any gain or loss you may have for tax purposes.