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RhysMathewson is a rare signature, no doubt, but FAR from one of the rarest in the hobby. Other contemporaries of Mathewson are FAR more rare than he is. People like Chesbro, Waddell and Keeler all died near to Mathewsons death date, but there is probably 10 authentic Matty's for every one of them out there. The fact that there IS cancelled checks is a testament to that. There are also many of his contemporaries who only have 1-2 known examples of their signatures, if any at all. So, Matty is rare, but far from one of the rarest autographs in the hobby. Just one of the most in demand.
As far as this signature is concerned, it looks like one of those that came up for sale about 2 years ago with a bunch of real vintage cards with fake autographs on them. In fact, A John Montgomery Ward "fake signed" Buchner card just sold again last week. 100% Fake, but would still grade a PSA 2(MK) wouldn't it?
Just found the link on the Ward
http://cgi.ebay.com/1887-BUCHNER-N284-WARD-N-Y-GOLD-COIN-TOBACCO-CARD_W0QQitemZ8742488583QQcategoryZ86839QQssPageNa meZWDVWQQrdZ1QQcmdZViewItem
Rhys