My last name being Phelan I did a little research on these two a few years back, hoping I at least had relatives who could hit and catch the ball. Yes, both the C46 & T206 seem to be the same individual, Jimmy Phelan (who played for Providence). Arthur Phelan if I remember correctly was related to a sheriff in Illinois, and played his ball in Chicago and Cincinnati (never in Providence). Here is a photo of Art Phelan in Chicago. Jimmy and Art were not directly related.

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=...ed=0CCgQ9QEwBw

If looking for James Phelan in U.S. census records, good luck, seems as though the Phelan clan all had a relative named James, but I would suggest looking in Massachusetts rather than Rhode Island. What interested me further.... was either person related to James Dickson Phelan who had a cup of coffee in the majors in the mid-1880's?